{
 "dataset": "poa-signing",
 "title": "Power of attorney signing requirements by state",
 "description": "Notary and witness requirements for a financial power of attorney in each state and DC, the Uniform Power of Attorney Act, statutory forms, recording and durability.",
 "url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/data/poa-signing",
 "publisher": "MCC Solutions",
 "license": {
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Credit \"MCC Solutions\" and link to https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/data/poa-signing"
 },
 "checked": "2026-11",
 "row_count": 51,
 "accuracy": "Facts come from official government pages as they read on the checked date; where no official page could be read, a few come from vetted secondary sources (Cornell LII, Justia (statute text only), FindLaw Codes, Casetext, NCSL, the Uniform Law Commission, the American Bar Association and state bar associations, legal aid networks (LawHelp.org and the state legal help sites), Nolo, the National Coalition for a Civil Right to Counsel, the National Low Income Housing Coalition, the National Center for State Courts, the Eviction Lab, the Tax Foundation, the Sales Tax Institute, the American Payroll Association, SHRM, ADP, Paychex, Bloomberg Tax, Thomson Reuters, Avalara and Sovos), marked \"secondary\" in source_kinds. Anything not confirmed is null and named in the row's unconfirmed list. General information, not legal or tax advice; MCC Solutions is not a law firm and we are not lawyers.",
 "fields": [
  {
   "name": "jurisdiction_code",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "Two-letter postal code of the state or DC."
  },
  {
   "name": "jurisdiction",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "State name (or District of Columbia)."
  },
  {
   "name": "upoaa.adopted",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether the state adopted the Uniform Power of Attorney Act."
  },
  {
   "name": "upoaa.year",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Year of adoption."
  },
  {
   "name": "upoaa.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Detail on the act. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notary.rule",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Notary rule for the principal's signature."
  },
  {
   "name": "notary.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The notary rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notary.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.count",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Number of witnesses required."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.alt",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether witnesses are an alternative to a notary."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The witness rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "agent_ack.required",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Whether the agent must sign an acknowledgment."
  },
  {
   "name": "agent_ack.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Detail on the agent's acknowledgment. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "agent_ack.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.exists",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether the state has a statutory form."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.name",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "Name of that form. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.url",
   "type": "string (URL)",
   "meaning": "Link to the form."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Detail on the form. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "recording.rule",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "When the power of attorney must be recorded."
  },
  {
   "name": "recording.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The recording rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "recording.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "durable.default",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether a power of attorney is durable unless it says otherwise."
  },
  {
   "name": "durable.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The durability rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "durable.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.rule",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Signing rule for the health care document: notary_or_witnesses, witnesses, notary, witnesses_and_notary, or none_required (no witness or notary required by statute; both optional)."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.witnesses",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Witnesses for the health care document."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The health care rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notes",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Other points from the official source. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "unconfirmed",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "Fields the official sources read did not confirm for this row. Those values are null."
  },
  {
   "name": "source_urls",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "Links to the sources (all of them for jurisdictions with their own page; the main linked source for the others)."
  },
  {
   "name": "source_kinds",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "What each link in source_urls is, in the same order: \"official\" (a government page: state agency, legislature, court, county or city) or \"secondary\" (a vetted secondary source, used only where no official page could be read: Cornell LII, Justia (statute text only), FindLaw Codes, Casetext, NCSL, the Uniform Law Commission, the American Bar Association and state bar associations, legal aid networks (LawHelp.org and the state legal help sites), Nolo, the National Coalition for a Civil Right to Counsel, the National Low Income Housing Coalition, the National Center for State Courts, the Eviction Lab, the Tax Foundation, the Sales Tax Institute, the American Payroll Association, SHRM, ADP, Paychex, Bloomberg Tax, Thomson Reuters, Avalara and Sovos). A fact backed only by a secondary source is shown on the site as \"<publisher> (secondary source)\"."
  },
  {
   "name": "checked",
   "type": "date (YYYY-MM-DD)",
   "meaning": "When the row's sources were opened (YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD). A row with no official source carries the date of the check that found none."
  },
  {
   "name": "page_url",
   "type": "string (URL)",
   "meaning": "The page on mcc-solutionsnj.com that explains this row."
  }
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AL",
   "jurisdiction": "Alabama",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://alabamawings.alacourt.gov/media/1040/managing-someone-elses-money-in-alabama-help-for-agents-under-a-power-of-attorney.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AK",
   "jurisdiction": "Alaska",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://courts.alaska.gov/shc/family/docs/poa-booklet.pdf",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "recording",
    "durable",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://courts.alaska.gov/shc/family/docs/poa-booklet.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AZ",
   "jurisdiction": "Arizona",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 1,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 1,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/05501.htm"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AR",
   "jurisdiction": "Arkansas",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2011,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=/ACTS/2021R/Public/ACT804.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2011%2FPublic%2FACT805.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CA",
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://selfhelp.courts.ca.gov/wills-estates-probate/legal-documents",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://selfhelp.courts.ca.gov/wills-estates-probate/legal-documents"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CO",
   "jurisdiction": "Colorado",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2009,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://lawhelp.colorado.gov/creating-a-power-of-attorney",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://lawhelp.colorado.gov/creating-a-power-of-attorney"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CT",
   "jurisdiction": "Connecticut",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2015,
   "upoaa.text": "Public Act 15-240 adopted the Connecticut Uniform Power of Attorney Act; Public Act 16-40 moved its start to October 1, 2016.",
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "notary.text": "The probate courts' summary says acknowledging isn't a requirement, though it matters when a bank or other third party is asked to accept the power of attorney; the statutory forms include an acknowledgment.",
   "notary.wording": "While not a requirement, the POA may also be acknowledged.",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Dated and signed by the principal and witnessed by two witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "witnessed by two witnesses",
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "agent_ack.text": null,
   "agent_ack.wording": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Connecticut statutory short form and long form power of attorney",
   "form.url": "https://www.ctprobate.gov/es/documents/2016-legislative-summary.pdf",
   "form.text": "Public Act 16-40 added a short form with some of the long form's powers, meant for a limited purpose such as a real estate closing.",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless the document says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable, unless the instrument specifically provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "An advance directive is signed before two witnesses; the health care representative can't be one. A notary is needed only for the optional witnesses' affidavit.",
   "healthcare.wording": "You must sign the document in the presence of two witnesses in order for the advance directives to be valid.",
   "notes": "Under the act, an agent may make gifts or create trusts only if the power of attorney expressly grants that authority.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.ctprobate.gov/es/documents/2015-legislative-summary.pdf",
    "https://www.ctprobate.gov/es/documents/2016-legislative-summary.pdf",
    "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Departments-and-Agencies/DPH/dph/MOLST/042715AdvanceDirectivesEnglishpdf.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-connecticut"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "DE",
   "jurisdiction": "Delaware",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Delaware's chapter 49A is its own Durable Personal Powers of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": null,
   "notary.text": null,
   "notary.wording": null,
   "witnesses.count": 1,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The statutory form has one witness line; the witness swears not to be related to the principal or entitled to the estate.",
   "witnesses.wording": "I am not related to the Principal by blood, marriage, or adoption",
   "agent_ack.required": "form",
   "agent_ack.text": "The statutory form includes an Agent's Certification the agent signs and dates, accepting duties such as keeping accurate records.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "have read the attached durable personal power of attorney",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Durable Personal Power of Attorney Form (12 Del. C. 49A-301)",
   "form.url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c049a/sc03/index.html",
   "form.text": "The statutory form comes with a notice, a notary acknowledgment block and the agent's certification.",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "The form's notice says the agent's authority continues after incapacity unless the principal says otherwise; a springing option is offered.",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney is effective immediately, and shall not be effected by my subsequent incapacity.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Two people witness the signing of an advance health-care directive. In a long-term residential care facility, one witness must be a patient advocate or ombudsperson designated by the Department of Health and Social Services. The page doesn't mention a notary.",
   "healthcare.wording": "Two people must witness the signing of your advance directive form.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "notary",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c049a/index.html",
    "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c049a/sc03/index.html",
    "https://dhss.delaware.gov/dsaapd/witnesse.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-delaware"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "DC",
   "jurisdiction": "District of Columbia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2023,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/21-2603.01",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "recording",
    "durable",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/21-2601.01"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "FL",
   "jurisdiction": "Florida",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Section 709.2101 cites Florida's own Florida Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The principal signs and acknowledges the power of attorney before a notary.",
   "notary.wording": null,
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two subscribing witnesses sign as well as the notary.",
   "witnesses.wording": "two subscribing witnesses",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting; a third person may ask for an agent's affidavit (709.2119), but that isn't a step before acting.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "may, but need not",
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": "Chapter 709 has no statutory power of attorney form, only an optional agent's affidavit.",
   "recording.rule": "may_be_asked",
   "recording.text": "A power of attorney relied on for real property title may be required for recording, and the original may be needed.",
   "recording.wording": "may be required for recording",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable only if it contains durable language, such as the statute's model sentence.",
   "durable.wording": "This durable power of attorney is not terminated by subsequent incapacity of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A health care surrogate designation is signed before two adult witnesses; the surrogate can't witness, and one witness must not be a spouse or blood relative.",
   "healthcare.wording": "in the presence of two subscribing adult witnesses",
   "notes": "A Florida principal's power of attorney witnessed remotely by a witness not physically present can't grant the special powers in 709.2202 (gifts, trusts, beneficiary changes). An agent can't mortgage or convey homestead property without the principal's spouse joining.",
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/Chapter709/All",
    "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799%2F0765%2FSections%2F0765.202.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-florida"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "GA",
   "jurisdiction": "Georgia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2017,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://dca.georgia.gov/document/forms/powerofattorneypdf/download",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://georgia.gov/establish-power-attorney"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "HI",
   "jurisdiction": "Hawaii",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2014,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2017/HRS-Chapter-PDF%27s/HRS_0551E.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2017/HRS-Chapter-PDF%27s/HRS_0551E.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ID",
   "jurisdiction": "Idaho",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2008,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH12.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "none_required",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH12.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IL",
   "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "755 ILCS 45 has its own short title, the Illinois Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The form isn't effective unless the principal's signature is notarized; the notary can't also be the witness.",
   "notary.wording": "will not be effective unless it is signed by at least one witness and your signature is notarized.",
   "witnesses.count": 1,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "At least one witness. The witness can't be an agent or successor agent, the principal's doctor or mental health provider, or a close relative of the principal or agent.",
   "witnesses.wording": "Illinois requires only one witness, but other jurisdictions may require more than one witness.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "Not required. The principal may ask the agents for specimen signatures; if they're included, the principal certifies they're genuine. The agent doesn't sign an acknowledgment of duties.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "You may, but are not required to, request your agent and successor agents to provide specimen signatures",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property",
   "form.url": "https://gac.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/gac/forms/documents/poaproperty2015.pdf",
   "form.text": "The statutory short form under 755 ILCS 45/3-3, with notices to the principal and the agent.",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "The form's notice says the agent may act before and after incapacity, unless the principal limits the period.",
   "durable.wording": "throughout your lifetime, both before and after you become incapacitated",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 1,
   "healthcare.text": "One witness, 18 or older, who isn't the agent, a relative of the principal or agent, the principal's clinician, or an owner or operator of the facility. No notary is needed.",
   "healthcare.wording": "There is no need to have the form notarized.",
   "notes": "The notice to the agent says to sign as (principal's name) by (your name) as agent. Specimen signatures of the agents are optional on the form.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://gac.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/gac/forms/documents/poaproperty2015.pdf",
    "https://www.ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/075500450k4-10.htm",
    "https://my.ilga.gov/ftp/ILCS/Ch%200755/Act%200045/075500450F.html",
    "https://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/documents/075500450K3-3.htm"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-illinois"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IN",
   "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_30/Article_5/Chapter_4.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IA",
   "jurisdiction": "Iowa",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2014,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/633B.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/633B.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "KS",
   "jurisdiction": "Kansas",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_006_0052.html",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "durable",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_006_0052.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "KY",
   "jurisdiction": "Kentucky",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2018,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=50153"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "LA",
   "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=110030"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ME",
   "jurisdiction": "Maine",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Public Law ch. 292 of the 124th Legislature enacted the Maine Uniform Power of Attorney Act, in effect July 1, 2010.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "Not valid unless acknowledged before a notary or other official authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "notary.wording": "is not valid unless it is acknowledged before a notary public",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "must be signed by the principal or in the principal's conscious presence by another individual",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A power of attorney for health care is in writing and signed by the principal and two witnesses, in person and not by electronic means. The section doesn't call for a notary.",
   "healthcare.wording": "The power must be in writing and signed by the principal and 2 witnesses.",
   "notes": "A durable power of attorney must include the statutory notices to the principal and the agent, in substantially the statute's form, or it is invalid.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec5-905.html",
    "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/bills_124th/chapters/PUBLIC292.asp",
    "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec5-803.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-maine"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MD",
   "jurisdiction": "Maryland",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Maryland's law is its own Maryland General and Limited Power of Attorney Act (Estates and Trusts 17-116).",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "Acknowledged by the principal before a notary, in person or electronically.",
   "notary.wording": "Acknowledged by the principal in the physical or electronic presence of a notary public.",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two adult witnesses sign in the presence of the principal and each other; the notary may be one of them.",
   "witnesses.wording": "Attested and signed by two or more adult witnesses.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "The statutory forms (17-202 general and 17-203 limited, as amended in 2023) have no agent signature or acceptance block; the agent signs as agent when acting.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "(Principal's Name) by (Your Signature) as Agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Maryland Statutory Form Personal Financial Power of Attorney (17-202) and Limited Power of Attorney (17-203)",
   "form.url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2010rs/chapters_noln/Ch_689_hb0659E.pdf",
   "form.text": "Sections 17-202 and 17-203 set the general and limited forms; 17-204 is an optional agent's certification.",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The act doesn't require recording; it mentions recording only in passing, for example that a clerk may refuse to record a photocopy.",
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "A written power of attorney is durable unless its terms say otherwise (17-105).",
   "durable.wording": "IT IS A DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY UNLESS OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY ITS TERMS.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Two witnesses; the health care agent can't be one, and at least one must not inherit or otherwise benefit financially. No notary is needed.",
   "healthcare.wording": "Maryland law does not require this document to be notarized.",
   "notes": "These rules apply to a power of attorney executed on or after October 1, 2010.",
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=get&section=17-110",
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2022RS/Statute_Web/get/17-203.pdf",
    "https://health.maryland.gov/phpa/ccdb/ADP/Documents/advance%20directive%20form%20-%20fillable%20pdf%2052025.pdf",
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2010rs/chapters_noln/Ch_689_hb0659E.pdf",
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2020RS/Statute_Google/get/17-202.pdf",
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2023RS/chapters_noln/Ch_696_hb0018T.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-maryland"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MA",
   "jurisdiction": "Massachusetts",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartII/TitleII/Chapter190B/Section5-501"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MI",
   "jurisdiction": "Michigan",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2023,
   "upoaa.text": "MCL 556.201: the uniform power of attorney act, Act 187 of 2023, in effect July 1, 2024.",
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "notary.text": "To be durable: acknowledged before a notary, or signed before two witnesses who also sign.",
   "notary.wording": "Be acknowledged by the principal before a notary public or other individual authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "witnesses.text": "Two witnesses as the alternative to a notary. A witness can't be an agent named in it; a witness may also be the notary.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A witness may not be an agent nominated in the power.",
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "Before acting under a durable power of attorney, the agent signs an acknowledgment of duties, substantially in the statute's form (MCL 556.402).",
   "agent_ack.wording": "Before exercising authority under a durable power of attorney, an agent shall execute an acknowledgment",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (MCL 556.401)",
   "form.url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-Act-187-of-2023.pdf",
   "form.text": "Section 301 of the act sets out a statutory form.",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The act has no recording requirement; a power to convey real property doesn't need the legal description.",
   "recording.wording": "does not need to contain the real property's legal description.",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable if executed with a notary or two witnesses, unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A patient advocate designation is signed, dated and witnessed by two people; close relatives, heirs and the physician can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "in writing, signed, dated, witnessed by two people, and executed voluntarily.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-Act-187-of-2023.pdf",
    "https://legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/peaceofmind.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-michigan"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MN",
   "jurisdiction": "Minnesota",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "On the statutory short form, the principal's signature must be acknowledged.",
   "notary.wording": "the signature of the principal must be acknowledged.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The statutory short form's requirements don't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "the signature of the principal must be acknowledged.",
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "Before acting, each agent signs the statutory short form, acknowledging the notice to agents; that signature needn't be notarized.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "Before acting on behalf of the principal, the attorney(s)-in-fact must sign this form",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory short form of general power of attorney (Minn. Stat. 523.23)",
   "form.url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/523/pdf",
   "form.text": "Section 523.23 sets the form and its formal requirements.",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "When the agent signs a recordable instrument, the power of attorney is also recordable if authenticated.",
   "recording.wording": "are also recordable",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable only with language such as the statute's sample sentence.",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney shall not be affected by incapacity or incompetence of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "healthcare.text": "Verified by a notary or by witnesses. The agent can't witness or notarize, and at least one witness must not be a provider giving direct care.",
   "healthcare.wording": "either by a notary public or by witnesses as provided under this chapter",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/523/pdf",
    "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/145c.03"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-minnesota"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MS",
   "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.sos.ms.gov/content/documents/pol_res/power%20of%20attorney/6DurablePOA-HB468Comparison.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MO",
   "jurisdiction": "Missouri",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "may_be_asked",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=404.705"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MT",
   "jurisdiction": "Montana",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0310/part_0030/sections_index.html",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0310/part_0030/sections_index.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NE",
   "jurisdiction": "Nebraska",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2012,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/display_html.php?begin_section=30-4001&end_section=30-4045",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/display_html.php?begin_section=30-4001&end_section=30-4045"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NV",
   "jurisdiction": "Nevada",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2009,
   "upoaa.text": "NRS 162A.200 and following are headed Power of Attorney (Uniform Act), added in 2009.",
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "notary.text": "A signature is presumed genuine if acknowledged before a notary; the section doesn't make notarization a condition of validity. The statutory form itself says it isn't valid unless acknowledged before a notary.",
   "notary.wording": "THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY WILL NOT BE VALID UNLESS IT IS ACKNOWLEDGED BEFORE A NOTARY PUBLIC.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The financial execution section doesn't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A power of attorney must be signed by the principal or, in the principal's conscious presence, by another individual",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance (NRS 162A.300); the agent signs as agent when acting.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (NRS 162A.620)",
   "form.url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-162a.html",
   "form.text": "NRS 162A.620 sets out the financial form.",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "A power of attorney that grants power to convey real property must be recorded like other conveyances.",
   "recording.wording": "must be recorded as other conveyances whereby real property is conveyed or affected are required",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A power of attorney for health care is acknowledged before a notary or witnessed by two adults; a nursing home's owner, operator or employee can't witness for a resident.",
   "healthcare.wording": "Witnessed by two adult witnesses.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-162a.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-nevada"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NH",
   "jurisdiction": "New Hampshire",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2017,
   "upoaa.text": "RSA 564-E:101: the chapter may be cited as the Uniform Power of Attorney Act (2017, 178:1, in effect January 1, 2018).",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "A general power of attorney, and one to convey real estate, must be acknowledged before a notary or other official authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "notary.wording": "must be acknowledged before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't call for witnesses, and the statutory form has no witness lines.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": "form",
   "agent_ack.text": "The statutory form's agent acknowledgment says the agent has no authority until signing it.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "You will have no authority to act as agent under this Power of Attorney until you sign and affix this acknowledgment.",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "New Hampshire Statutory Power of Attorney",
   "form.url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-301.htm",
   "form.text": "RSA 564-E:301 sets the form, with a signature and acknowledgment section and an agent acknowledgment.",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The chapter has no recording requirement; recording appears only among the things an agent with general authority may do.",
   "recording.wording": "execute, acknowledge, seal, deliver, file, or record any instrument or communication the agent considers desirable",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "The required notice says the agent keeps the powers after incapacity unless the document says otherwise.",
   "durable.wording": "your Agent will continue to have these powers after you become incapacitated",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "An advance directive is signed before two witnesses, or before a notary or justice of the peace. The agent, spouse, heirs and the attending practitioner can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "A notary public or justice of the peace, who shall acknowledge the principal's signature",
   "notes": "A general power of attorney must have the disclosure statement 'Information concerning the power of attorney' attached and signed by the principal; it can't be signed electronically.",
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-105.htm",
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-301.htm",
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/X/137-J/137-J-mrg.htm",
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-mrg.htm"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-new-hampshire"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NJ",
   "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "P.L.2000, c.109, section 1, names New Jersey's own act, the Revised Durable Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "In writing, signed and acknowledged as set out in R.S.46:14-2.1 (the acknowledgment statute for recorded documents).",
   "notary.wording": "must be in writing, duly signed and acknowledged in the manner set forth in R.S.46:14-2.1.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The formality section asks for a writing, a signature and an acknowledgment, not witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "must be in writing, duly signed and acknowledged in the manner set forth in R.S.46:14-2.1.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "The act sets the agent's duties but has no separate signed acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "An attorney-in-fact has a fiduciary duty to the principal",
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The act doesn't require recording; an affidavit of the agent is recordable when the transaction needs a recordable instrument.",
   "recording.wording": "likewise recordable",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable when it contains the statute's words showing the authority survives disability or incapacity.",
   "durable.wording": "A durable power of attorney is a power of attorney which contains the words",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Notarize it, or sign and date it in front of two adult witnesses; the health care representative can't be a witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "You can choose to get your advance directive notarized, in which case you don't need additional witnesses.",
   "notes": "The agent has a fiduciary duty to the principal and must keep accurate books and records of all financial transactions.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2000/PL00/109_.HTM",
    "https://www.nj.gov/health/advancedirective/ad/forums-faqs/"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-new-jersey"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NM",
   "jurisdiction": "New Mexico",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2007,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": "form",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://www.aging.nm.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADA-NM-DURABLE-POA.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/HB0231.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NY",
   "jurisdiction": "New York",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "New York's General Obligations Law article 5, title 15 is its own power of attorney statute, with its own statutory short form (5-1513); it isn't the Uniform Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The principal's signature is acknowledged the way a deed's is, before a notary.",
   "notary.wording": "duly acknowledged in the manner prescribed for the acknowledgment of a conveyance of real property",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two witnesses who aren't agents or permitted gift recipients; the person taking the acknowledgment may be one of them.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "Each agent signs and dates it, with an acknowledged signature; the agent can act only from that date.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "duly acknowledged in the manner prescribed for the acknowledgment of a conveyance of real property",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Power of Attorney New York Statutory Short Form",
   "form.url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1513",
   "form.text": "GOL 5-1513 sets the form, with the caution to the principal and the agent's signature and acknowledgment section.",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "Real Property Law 294(1) lets an instrument giving an agent power to convey the owner's real property be recorded in the county where the property is; the General Obligations Law doesn't make recording a condition of the agent acting.",
   "recording.wording": "an instrument containing a power to convey real property, as the agent or attorney for the owner of the property,",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "The statutory short form isn't affected by later incapacity unless the principal changes that under Modifications.",
   "durable.wording": "This POWER OF ATTORNEY shall not be affected by my subsequent incapacity",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A health care proxy is signed and dated before two adult witnesses who also sign; the agent can't witness. No notary is required by the section.",
   "healthcare.wording": "signed and dated by the adult in the presence of two adult witnesses who shall also sign the proxy.",
   "notes": "The document must be typed or printed in clear type of at least 12 point. Someone may sign for the principal at the principal's direction, but not an agent or successor agent.",
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1501B",
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1513",
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PBH/2981",
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/RPP/294"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-new-york"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NC",
   "jurisdiction": "North Carolina",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2017,
   "upoaa.text": "G.S. 32C-1-101: the North Carolina Uniform Power of Attorney Act (S.L. 2017-153).",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The power of attorney must be acknowledged; a signature acknowledged before a notary is presumed genuine. The statutory forms end with a notary certificate.",
   "notary.wording": "is presumed to be genuine if the principal acknowledges the signature before a notary public",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section and the statutory forms have no witness lines.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent or by any other assertion or conduct indicating acceptance",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "North Carolina Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney",
   "form.url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_32C/Article_3.pdf",
   "form.text": "Article 3 also has a Limited Power of Attorney for Real Property (32C-3-303) and an agent's certification (32C-3-302).",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "Before an agent signs a transfer of real property, the power of attorney is registered with the register of deeds (G.S. 47-28). A later registration can relate back.",
   "recording.wording": "Before any transfer of real property executed by an agent",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless the instrument expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses_and_notary",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Signed before two qualified witnesses and acknowledged before a notary. Witnesses can't be close relatives, the attending physician or someone with a claim on the estate.",
   "healthcare.wording": "signed in the presence of two qualified witnesses, and acknowledged before a notary public",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bychapter/chapter_32c.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_47/GS_47-28.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_32C/Article_3.pdf",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bychapter/chapter_32a.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-north-carolina"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ND",
   "jurisdiction": "North Dakota",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Chapter 30.1-30 is the older Uniform Durable Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The court self-help instructions say the principal signs and dates the form in front of a notary or a clerk of court.",
   "notary.wording": "in the presence of a Notary Public or Clerk of Court.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The court self-help instructions call for a notary or clerk of court and don't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "agent_ack.text": null,
   "agent_ack.wording": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The chapter doesn't require recording; an agent's affidavit is recordable when the transaction needs a recordable instrument.",
   "recording.wording": "requires execution and delivery of any instrument that is recordable",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable only with words such as the chapter's sample sentence.",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney is not affected by subsequent disability or incapacity of the principal or by lapse of time",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "The state's 2001 summary says a durable power of attorney for health care is signed before a notary or two witnesses; the agent, spouse, heirs, relatives and the attending physician can't serve, and one witness can't be a direct-care provider.",
   "healthcare.wording": "You must sign a durable power of attorney for health care in the presence of a notary public or two witnesses.",
   "notes": "The court system's self-help page says health decisions aren't included in a power of attorney and need a separate health care directive.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t30-1c30.pdf",
    "https://www.ndcourts.gov/legal-self-help/power-of-attorney",
    "https://www.ndcourts.gov/Media/Default/Legal%20Resources/Legal%20Self%20Help/Power%20of%20Attorney/Power%20of%20Attorney%20for%20Adult.pdf",
    "https://www.library.nd.gov/statedocs/HumanServices/freenorthdakotaadvanceddirectives20091214.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-north-dakota"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OH",
   "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "R.C. 1337.21: sections 1337.21 to 1337.64 may be cited as the uniform power of attorney act.",
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "notary.text": "A signature is presumed genuine if acknowledged before a notary; the section doesn't make notarization a condition of validity. For real property it must be recorded, which needs an acknowledgment.",
   "notary.wording": "A signature on a power of attorney is presumed to be genuine if the principal acknowledges the signature before a notary public.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A signature on a power of attorney is presumed to be genuine if the principal acknowledges the signature before a notary public.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance (R.C. 1337.33).",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Ohio Statutory Form Power of Attorney (R.C. 1337.60)",
   "form.url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/orc/1337.60v1",
   "form.text": "R.C. 1337.60 (effective April 6, 2017) sets out a statutory form that may be used. It ends with a signature and notary acknowledgment section; the agent's part has no separate acknowledgment line.",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "A power of attorney for real property is recorded with the county recorder where the property is, before the deed or other instrument is recorded (R.C. 1337.04).",
   "recording.wording": "shall be recorded in the office of the county recorder of the county in which such property is situated",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A health care power of attorney is signed and dated, then witnessed by two adults or acknowledged before a notary. Relatives, the agent, the attending physician and the nursing home administrator can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "shall be witnessed by at least two individuals who are adults.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1337",
    "https://codes.ohio.gov/orc/1337.60v1"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-ohio"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OK",
   "jurisdiction": "Oklahoma",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://www.okbar.org/barjournal/november-2021/williams/",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.okbar.org/barjournal/november-2021/williams/"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "secondary"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OR",
   "jurisdiction": "Oregon",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/lawsstatutes/2018orlaw0036.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "PA",
   "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The signature is acknowledged before a notary or other official, who can't be the agent.",
   "notary.wording": "shall not be the agent designated in the power of attorney",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two adult witnesses, who can't be the agent, the notary or anyone signing for the principal.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A witness shall not be the individual who signed the power of attorney on behalf of and at the direction of the principal.",
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "The agent has no authority until the agent signs and attaches the statutory acknowledgment of duties.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "has first executed and affixed to the power of attorney an acknowledgment",
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": "Chapter 56 has no fill-in statutory power of attorney form. Every power of attorney must carry the statutory notice (5601(c)), and the agent signs the statutory acknowledgment (5601(d)).",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "An acknowledged power of attorney may be recorded in the recorder of deeds office; chapter 56 doesn't require it.",
   "recording.wording": "it may be recorded in the office for the recording of deeds.",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "All powers of attorney are durable unless they say otherwise.",
   "durable.wording": "all powers of attorney shall be durable",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Dated and signed, and witnessed by two people 18 or older; someone who signs for the principal can't also witness. The section doesn't mention a notary.",
   "healthcare.wording": "witnessed by two individuals, each of whom is 18 years of age or older",
   "notes": "A notice in capital letters must be at the beginning, signed by the principal; without it the agent carries the burden of showing an action was proper.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/20/00.056..HTM",
    "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?iFrame=true&txtType=HTM&ttl=20&div=0&chpt=54&sctn=52&subsctn=0",
    "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/TR/Reports/2010_0018R.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-pennsylvania"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "RI",
   "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE18/18-16/18-16-2.htm",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE18/18-16/18-16-2.htm"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "SC",
   "jurisdiction": "South Carolina",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Section 62-8-101: the South Carolina Uniform Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "Acknowledged or proved under section 30-5-30, the rule for recordable documents.",
   "notary.wording": "acknowledged or proved pursuant to Section 30-5-30.",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Witnessed with the same formality and witness requirements as a South Carolina will; the section doesn't state the number.",
   "witnesses.wording": "attested with the same formality and with the same requirements as to witnesses as a will in South Carolina",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": "South Carolina's version of the act has no statutory form: the article goes from Part 2 (Authority) to Part 4, and the only form in it is an optional agent's certification (62-8-119(f)).",
   "recording.rule": "after_incapacity",
   "recording.text": "After the principal becomes incapacitated, the agent can act only once the power of attorney is recorded the same way as a deed.",
   "recording.wording": "has been recorded in the same manner as a deed",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Two witnesses. The agent or successor agent and the principal's physician or the physician's employee can't witness, and in a health facility no more than one witness may be its employee. The form's notary section is optional.",
   "healthcare.wording": "THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY WILL NOT BE VALID UNLESS TWO PERSONS SIGN AS WITNESSES.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t62c008.php",
    "https://www.richlandcountysc.gov/Portals/0/Departments/Probate/Forms/SC_HCPOA.pdf",
    "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/Archives/CodeofLaws2025/t62c008.php"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-south-carolina"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "SD",
   "jurisdiction": "South Dakota",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2020,
   "upoaa.text": "SB 148 (2020) adopted the Uniform Power of Attorney Act as chapter 59-12, for powers created on or after July 1, 2020.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "Any signature is acknowledged before a notary or other official authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "notary.wording": "Any signature under this section shall be acknowledged before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't require witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A power of attorney shall be signed by the principal",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (SDCL 59-12-41)",
   "form.url": "https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/SessionLaw/70792.pdf?Year=2020",
   "form.text": "Section 59-12-41 sets out the statutory form.",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "When a power of attorney is to be recorded with the register of deeds, the recording rules of 43-28-23 and 7-9-1 apply.",
   "recording.wording": "apply to any power of attorney that is to be recorded with the register of deeds.",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "South Dakota's version isn't durable unless the document says so.",
   "durable.wording": "if the power of attorney is not durable",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Signed by the principal, or by someone else in the principal's conscious presence at the principal's direction, and witnessed by two other adults or by a notary.",
   "healthcare.wording": "The signature shall be witnessed by two other adult individuals or by a notary public.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/SessionLaw/70792.pdf?Year=2020",
    "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/2077443.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-south-dakota"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "TN",
   "jurisdiction": "Tennessee",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.tn.gov/hfc/health-care-decision-making/advanced-directives-for-health-care-decision-making--english-.html"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "TX",
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Estates Code 751.001 cites the subtitle as the Durable Power of Attorney Act (Acts 2011, H.B. 2759, in effect January 1, 2014).",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The State Law Library says the statutory durable power of attorney form needs a notary.",
   "notary.wording": "A notary is needed.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The list of requirements in Estates Code 751.0021 is a writing, the principal's signature, durable wording and an acknowledgment; witnesses aren't among them.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by exercising authority or performing duties, unless the power of attorney says otherwise (751.022).",
   "agent_ack.wording": "A person accepts appointment as an agent under a durable power of attorney by exercising authority",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory Durable Power of Attorney",
   "form.url": "https://guides.sll.texas.gov/legal-forms/powers-of-attorney",
   "form.text": "The State Law Library lists the statutory durable power of attorney, in English and Spanish, and the medical power of attorney form.",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "For a real property transaction that needs a recorded instrument, the power of attorney is recorded with the county clerk where the property is, no later than 30 days after the instrument is filed (751.151).",
   "recording.wording": "must be recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county in which the property is located",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "A durable power of attorney must contain the statute's durable sentence or words that clearly mean the same (751.0021).",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney is not affected by subsequent disability or incapacity of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "The medical power of attorney is valid only if acknowledged before a notary or signed before two competent adult witnesses. The agent, relatives, heirs, the attending physician and some facility staff can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "You Sign It In The Presence Of Two Competent Adult Witnesses.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://guides.sll.texas.gov/legal-forms/powers-of-attorney",
    "https://fhb.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/medical-power-of-attorney-designation-of-health-care-agent-mpoa-english.pdf",
    "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/85R/billtext/html/HB01974F.HTM",
    "https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/ES/htm/ES.751.htm"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-texas"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "UT",
   "jurisdiction": "Utah",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2016,
   "upoaa.text": "Title 75A, chapter 2 is the Uniform Power of Attorney Act, first enacted by H.B. 74 in 2016.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The principal signs, or directs someone to sign, before a notary or other official authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "notary.wording": "before a notary public or other individual authorized by the law to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "before a notary public or other individual authorized by the law to take acknowledgments.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (Utah Code 75A-2-301)",
   "form.url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title75A/Chapter2/C75A-2_2024090120240501.pdf",
   "form.text": "Section 75A-2-301 sets out a form; 75A-2-302 is an optional agent certification.",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "For real property, a copy attached to the accepting person's affidavit may be recorded in the county where the property is.",
   "recording.wording": "the copy of the power of attorney may be recorded in the county where the transaction lies",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 1,
   "healthcare.text": "Since January 1, 2026 (Uniform Health Care Decisions Act, S.B. 134 of 2025), a power of attorney for health care is signed by the person and by one adult witness who is present (in person or by real-time audio and video). The agent and the agent's spouse or cohabitant can't witness. The act doesn't call for a notary.",
   "healthcare.wording": "must be in a record, signed by the individual creating the power, and signed by an adult witness who:",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title75A/Chapter2/C75A-2_2024090120240501.pdf",
    "https://le.utah.gov/~2016/bills/hbillenr/HB0074.pdf",
    "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/enrolled/SB0134.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-utah"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "VT",
   "jurisdiction": "Vermont",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2023,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/14/127",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "witnesses",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/14/127"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "VA",
   "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2010,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title64.2/chapter16/"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WA",
   "jurisdiction": "Washington",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2016,
   "upoaa.text": "RCW 11.125.010: chapter 209, Laws of 2016 may be cited as the uniform power of attorney act.",
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "notary.text": "Signed and dated by the principal, then notarized or attested by two witnesses.",
   "notary.wording": null,
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "witnesses.text": "Two witnesses as the alternative to a notary. They can't be the principal's home care or facility care providers, or related to the principal or agent.",
   "witnesses.wording": "unrelated to the principal or agent by blood, marriage, or state registered domestic partnership.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent.",
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": "The chapter has no statutory power of attorney form, only an optional agent's certification (RCW 11.125.430).",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The chapter doesn't require recording a power of attorney to convey real property.",
   "recording.wording": "filing notice with the county recorder's office in the county where the principal resides.",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Not durable unless the writing says it survives incapacity.",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney shall not be affected by disability of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "The same chapter covers health care decisions, so a health care power of attorney under it is signed the same way: notary or two qualified witnesses.",
   "healthcare.wording": "authorized to provide informed consent for health care decisions on the principal's behalf.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/law/rcwpdf/rcw%20%2011%20%20title/rcw%20%2011%20.125%20%20chapter/RCW%20%2011%20.125%20%20COMBINEDCHAPTER.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-washington"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WV",
   "jurisdiction": "West Virginia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "W. Va. Code 39B-1-101: the Uniform Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The power of attorney is acknowledged by the principal before a notary or other official.",
   "notary.wording": "acknowledged by the principal before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't require witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "must be signed by the principal or in the principal's conscious presence by another individual",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (W. Va. Code 39B-3-101)",
   "form.url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/pdf/39B/",
   "form.text": "Section 39B-3-101 sets out the form.",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "For several real property powers (39B-2-104(b)), the power of attorney must first be recorded with the clerk of the county commission where the property is.",
   "recording.wording": "must first be recorded in the office of the clerk of the county commission",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses_and_notary",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A living will or medical power of attorney is in writing, dated and signed in front of two or more witnesses, whose signatures are acknowledged before a notary. Relatives, heirs, the attending physician, the person financially responsible for the care and the named representative can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "acknowledged before a notary public",
   "notes": "Chapter 39B doesn't cover health care decisions; the statutory form says so.",
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/pdf/39B/",
    "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-30-4/"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official",
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-west-virginia"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WI",
   "jurisdiction": "Wisconsin",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2009,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/244.pdf",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/244.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WY",
   "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2017,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://wyoleg.gov/2017/Enroll/SF0105.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://wyoleg.gov/2017/Enroll/SF0105.pdf"
   ],
   "source_kinds": [
    "official"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  }
 ]
}