Signing by mark
A signer who can make a simple mark, such as an X, can sign that way. Many states ask for the notary or a witness to write the person's name near the mark. The notary then completes the certificate and notes that the signing was by mark.
Local rules vary on whether witnesses are required, so check before the appointment.
Assisted signature
Some signers can sign with a hand guided by another person. Others use a signature stamp they chose. The signer must still appear, confirm the act and show intent. The notary must be satisfied that the action is theirs and that they understand what is happening.
If the signer cannot show intent in any way, the notary cannot proceed.
Signing for another person
Some places permit a notary or another adult to sign the signer's name at their direction and in their presence, with a witness. This is not the same as a power of attorney. Rules and forms differ and not every notary will accept this role.
Ask in advance about the notary's approach and local law.
Preparing the setting
Choose a quiet time. Have the signer's ID and the document ready. Ask any helpers to step back once the signer is comfortable, to show that the choice is theirs. A pen with a wide grip may help.
If a document has many pages, ask the drafter whether a single signature page is allowed.
When it will not work
If the signer cannot communicate, appears confused or is under pressure, the notary will decline. At that point, family should speak with an attorney about other options such as guardianship or conservatorship.
Switching signers or forging a name is never allowed. The notary has duties to the public and to the state.
Scenario: signing after a stroke
A man recovering from a stroke needs to sign a power of attorney. His right hand is weak, but he can make a mark with his left. His attorney arranges a bedside appointment with two witnesses and a notary.
The notary asks him simple questions, confirms he understands, and watches him make his mark. A witness writes his name beside the mark and signs. The notary records the act and notes the method on the certificate if the local rules call for it.
Plan for quiet time afterward. Clear the room of extra visitors, have a nurse nearby if needed, and keep copies of the signed form where the family can find them. If the man's condition changes, tell the attorney, because later documents may need a different approach.
Tell the notary ahead of time about any physical limits so the right tools are ready. A lap desk, a pen with a thick barrel or a firm clipboard can help someone in bed or in a wheelchair. Ask the helper to hold the page steady rather than to move the signer's hand, unless a hand-guided signature has been agreed in advance and the signer clearly wants it that way.
Mistakes that get documents rejected
Having a family member sign without following the state's method is the usual problem. Others are skipping the required witnesses when signing by mark, writing the helper's name where the signer's name belongs, and not noting the method on the certificate or in the journal. The method must follow your state's rules.
Checklist before you book
Ask the signer how they usually sign. Check your state's rule for signing by mark or with assistance. Have the required witnesses present. Record exactly what happened in the journal.
Common questions
Is an X as good as a signature?
In many places yes, when done with the proper procedure and witnesses.
Can a relative sign for the person?
Only under the rules of the form or a valid power of attorney. A notary cannot approve it on their own.
Can this be done in a hospital?
Yes, with a notary visit, if the signer is aware and willing.
More notary guides
- Notarizing for a Signer Who Cannot Sign Their Name
- Notarizing for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Signers
- Notarizing for Signers Who Cannot Read English or Cannot Read
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Fees and procedures change; check with the office involved or an attorney for your situation.