The notary's basic duty
The notary must be able to communicate directly with the signer to confirm identity, willingness and awareness. If they cannot talk to each other, the notary should not proceed through a third person who just relays the instructions, unless the law and the notary's rules allow a method.
This protects signers from being misled.
Using an interpreter
If the signer needs help understanding the document, the signer's own interpreter may help them read and discuss it. The notary still needs to communicate with the signer. The interpreter should not have an interest in the transaction. Rules vary, so ask the notary beforehand.
A translation of the document does not change the signature requirement.
Documents in another language
A notary can notarize a signature on a document in a language they do not read if they can communicate with the signer and the notarial certificate is in a language they understand. Many places require the certificate wording in English. Do not ask the notary to translate.
If a receiving agency needs a translation, use a qualified translator separately.
Reading and hearing challenges
A signer who is blind or has low vision may have the document read aloud by a person of their choice. A signer with limited hearing can use written notes, sign language or assistive devices. A signer who cannot sign by hand may use a mark, with witnesses where required. The notary adapts the process within the law.
Tell the notary in advance so they can plan time.
Planning a smooth appointment
Say what language and support you need when you book. Bring your own interpreter if possible, and give them a copy of the documents ahead of time. Allow extra time. If the signer is not comfortable, reschedule. A signature given without understanding can cause problems later. Ask an attorney about complex documents, and speak to the document's provider about language-access services.
Examples and what to avoid
A grandmother who speaks mostly Spanish signs a deed with her grandson as interpreter. If the grandson stands to inherit the house, the title company may prefer an unrelated interpreter. A man who reads Mandarin signs a power of attorney with a translation attached. The notary speaks with him directly through a professional interpreter.
In both cases the goal is that the signer knows what the paper is and signs freely.
Do not ask a notary to translate. Do not use a person with a financial stake in the transaction as the only interpreter. Do not rush a signer who is hesitant. Do not sign a document you were not given in a language you understand without getting a translation or explanation from a trusted adviser.
Consider planning ahead with the receiving office. Some agencies publish language access services, bilingual forms or approved interpreter lists. Calling them can save a second appointment. If you need an interpreter on short notice, ask the notary or title company whether a telephone interpreter service is allowed, and whether they accept it for the act you need.
Common questions
Can a family member interpret?
Sometimes, but a neutral interpreter is safer, especially in real estate matters.
Does the notary need to speak the signer's language?
The notary must be able to communicate with the signer enough to complete the act. Rules vary on interpreters.
Is a translated document enough for an apostille?
Requirements vary by receiving country. Check them in advance.
More notary guides
- Notarizing for Signers Who Cannot Read English or Cannot Read
- Notarizing for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Signers
- Notary or Witness? How Signature Requirements Differ
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Fees and procedures change; check with the office involved or an attorney for your situation.